Какие знаешь способы реализовать класс по проверки получаемых данных

class User:
    def __init__(self, age):
        self.age = age  # Вызовет сеттер

    @property
    def age(self):
        return self._age

    @age.setter
    def age(self, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int) or value < 0:
            raise ValueError("Age must be positive integer")
        self._age = value

class PositiveNumber:
    def __set__(self, obj, value):
        if value <= 0:
            raise ValueError("Value must be positive")
        obj.__dict__[self.name] = value

    def __set_name__(self, owner, name):
        self.name = name

class Product:
    price = PositiveNumber()

def __init__(self, email):
    if "@" not in email:
        raise ValueError("Invalid email")
    self.email = email